Innovative composite materials for ISS modernization

The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique facility, the long-term operation of which in an aggressive space environment leads to the natural degradation of structural materials. The task of modernizing, repairing and extending the life of the plant requires the introduction of new solutions in the field of materials science. This article provides an overview of promising innovative composite materials, the use of which can significantly improve the efficiency, safety and functionality of the ISS. Self-healing polymer composites for sealing microdamages, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon-carbon composites for creating radiation shields and lightweight, high-strength structural elements are considered. Special attention is paid to multifunctional materials that combine structural strength with the possibility of electrical conductivity or monitoring their own integrity (sensor composites). The advantages and technological difficulties associated with the use of these materials in outer space are analyzed.: vacuum, thermal cycles, atomic oxygen and radiation. It is shown that the integration of modern composites makes it possible not only to carry out effective repairs, but also to radically modernize the existing plant systems, reducing mass, increasing radiation resistance and introducing new functions to ensure long-term operation.