Core elements and Practical Strategies for Building Teacher Capacity in Sustainable Education System

As the key promoter of education for sustainable development (ESD), the capacity building of teachers has attracted much attention. UNESCO emphasizes that teachers need to have the ability to integrate ESD concepts into teaching practice, but there is currently insufficient research on using UNESCO sites to promote teacher capacity building. This study explored the core elements and strategies for teacher capacity building by observing teaching activities at 10 universities in China, interviewing 30 lecturers or experts. The study found that the core elements of teacher capacity building mainly include a deep understanding of ESD concepts, the ability to combine with lifelong learning, and the ability to integrate into teaching practice. UNESCO sites can enhance teachers' sustainable awareness and practical ability and promote knowledge sharing through environmental training, field trips, and interactive teaching. Therefore, this study calls on decision-makers and educational institutions to provide policy and resource support, encourage teachers to participate in UNESCO heritage activities, and strengthen cooperation between UNESCO heritage sites and educational institutions.