MS Mamba: Spectrum Forecasting Method Based on Enhanced Mamba Architecture

Spectrum prediction is essential for cognitive radio, enabling dynamic management and enhanced utilization, particularly in multi-band environments. Yet, its complex spatiotemporal nature and non-stationarity pose significant challenges for achieving high accuracy. Motivated by this, we propose a multi-scale Mamba-based multi-band spectrum prediction method. The core Mamba module combines Bidirectional Selective State Space Models (SSMs) for long-range dependencies and dynamic convolution for local features, efficiently extracting spatiotemporal characteristics. A multi-scale pyramid and adaptive prediction head select appropriate feature levels per prediction step, avoiding full-sequence processing to ensure accuracy while reducing computational cost. Experiments on real-world datasets across multiple frequency bands demonstrate effective handling of spectrum non-stationarity. Compared to baseline models, the method reduces root mean square error (RMSE) by 14.9% (indoor) and 7.9% (outdoor) while cutting GPU memory by 17%.