Seroprevalence and Risk Factor for Canine Tick-Borne Disease in Urban–Rural Area in Ayacucho, Peru

Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions and pose significant zoonotic threats to both human and animal health. This study aimed to detect anti-<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>, anti-<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, and anti-<i>Anaplasma</i> antibodies in dogs from the rural-urban area of Huamanga, Ayacucho. The cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas of the Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga between May and August 2023. Samples were collected via venipuncture, and antibody detection was performed using the immunochromatographic assay Anigen Rapid CaniV-4 kit. Frequencies, percentages, and statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS^® software package. A total of 107 samples from dogs in the Covadonga Human Settlement were analyzed, comprising 64 (59.8%) males and 43 (40.2%) females. The majority (78.5%) were from mixed-breed dogs, while other dogs breed included Schnauzers, Pekingese, and Pitbulls. Thirty positive samples were identified, with antibodies against <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> (15.9%), <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys</i> (3.7%), mixed infections of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys</i> (6.5%), and <i>Ehrlichia canis/Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1.9%) detected, as well as an association between vector exposure and the presence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> antibodies. These findings underscore the urgent need for the implementation of integrated control strategies and enhanced surveillance programs targeting tick-borne diseases in high-risk areas, along with targeted educational campaigns to promote responsible pet ownership and preventive measures.