The origin, evolution, and definition of comprehensive care: A discussion paper

Objective: To synthesise the origin, evolution, and definition of comprehensive care. Background: Understanding comprehensive care is of great importance for rapidly evolving modern healthcare systems to adapt to a more holistic approach to care delivery. However, its concept remains poorly defined and inconsistently applied. Study design and methods: We searched literature via PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL as well as Google Scholar, supplemented by our prior review and empirical research. Findings were synthesised narratively to support a critical discussion of the origin, evolution, and definition of comprehensive care. Results: Comprehensive care emerged in the 1950s-1960s. Its concept has evolved significantly since its inception. Different interpretations and applications emerged as this term became more widely referenced. We identified three defining characteristics of comprehensive care (person-centredness, multidisciplinary collaboration, and care coordination), and proposed an operational definition grounded in these principles. Conclusion: This paper proposes an operational definition of comprehensive care to support consistent understanding and practice. Aligning policy with comprehensive care principles is essential for translating the concept into practice. Implications for research, policy, and practice: This paper contributes to the theoretical development of comprehensive care by clarifying its fundamental characteristics, which can support a more consistent understanding that can inform future standards, research, and implementation efforts.