Comparative genetic profiling of BMP4 gene in three native goat breeds from Khairpur district Sindh, Pakistan

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a protein found in goats, cattle, and humans, encoded by the BMP4 gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 10q in goats. BMP4 gene is the subfamily of the superfamily transforming growth factor beta. It is an evolutionary conserved member of BMPs family. BMP-4 is a protein-coding gene that is concerned with the connective and soft tissues of the body structure. It plays main role in goats, cattle, humans and other animal’s bodies for maintaining the body activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migrations. The present study aimed to investigate mutational variations in the same genomic region of three indigenous goat breeds. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood sample of three different indigenous goat breeds including Bari, Kamori, and Baddi. The samples were stored (4°C) at Molecular Genetic Lab. Department of Zoology for further process. The targeted region of BMP-4 gene was amplified by the specific set of primers. The amplified products were sequenced by the ABI Genetic Analyzer 3500 and sequencing data was analyzed by Bio Edit v 7.2 and blasting was performed on ensemble.org. Results revealed (19) Mutations in Bari Goat Breed including (16) Missense mutations, (2) Nonsense mutations, (1) Deletion mutation with the help of PCR-Gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Similarly (8) Missense mutations were identified in Kamori goat breed. The results of Baddi goat breed showed (4) Missense mutations. It was concluded that essential mutations in the Bari goat breed may influence characteristics such as meat and milk production. Obtained results revealed a great heterogeneity in genetic makeup of Bari goat and hence could be used in marker assisted selection of Bari goat breed than the Kamori and Baddi goat breed.