MONITORING OF DEFORMATIONS OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES IN SEISMIC REGIONS

The article discusses the issues of ensuring the safety of engineering structures in earthquake-prone regions, using the example of the transport interchange of Abai Avenue and Sain Street in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan. The city of Almaty is located in a zone of increased seismic activity, and a metro line runs along Abai Avenue, which complicates the engineering and geological situation. In such cases, it is of particular importance to create an effective system for monitoring the condition of structures. A comprehensive approach is proposed, including an engineering and geological study of the rock mass, satellite GPS technologies, an electronic total station, laser scanning of the earth and an assessment of the accuracy of geodetic measurements. A methodology for constructing a reference geodetic network for monitoring bridges and buildings has been developed. The expediency of using satellite positioning, total station measurement and scanning when observing deformations and precipitation of structures is substantiated. To install high-precision electronic and laser devices during geomonitoring of the earth's surface, the authors have developed a permanent point that allows for fast and accurate centering, eliminating the use of tripods. Based on the conducted research, the authors propose methods for determining precipitation and displacement of structures. The research results were implemented during the implementation of a scientific project, as well as used in the educational process. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained to increase the level of safety at similar facilities and reduce the risks associated with natural and man-made factors.