Active ingredients isolated from Periplaneta americana L. inhibit the inflammation of the colonic mucosa and regulate the gut microbiota in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

These findings collectively indicate that the aqueous extract of <i>Periplaneta americana</i> L. and its fractions possess significant therapeutic potential for UC treatment, with the unfractionated extract showing the most pronounced benefits via modulating inflammation, restoring barrier function, and rebalancing gut microbiota.