Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections among biology undergraduates at the University of Lomé (Togo) and associated risk factors

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections represent a major global public health concern, with a particularly high prevalence in Africa. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) among biology undergraduate students at the University of Lomé, Togo, and identified associated risk factors. Given the high prevalence of these infections in Africa, understanding their epidemiology in this population is crucial. Authors collected capillary and venous blood samples, screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) via rapid immunochromatographic tests, confirmed by ELISA. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using rapid immunochromatographic tests, with ELISA confirmation. Students also completed questionnaires on sociodemographics and potential risk factors. The study found a 14.07% HBV prevalence and a 3.22% HCV prevalence. Significant risk factors included unprotected sexual intercourse, deep kissing with saliva exchange, a history of piercings, and sharing personal care items. These findings underscore a notable prevalence of HBV and HCV among this student group and highlight key behavioral risks. The study emphasizes the urgent need for targeted screening and awareness campaigns to prevent viral hepatitis transmission and promote public health within this vulnerable population.