Advanced Tribological Framework for Slip‐Resistant Walkways: Systematic Review and Field Validation

ABSTRACT This systematic review (2000–2024) of 90 studies examines tribological and interfacial advancements for slip‐resistant walkways, proposing a novel 10‐phase framework to enhance safety in hospitals, sidewalks, and industrial settings. A meta‐analysis ( r = 0.85, p < 0.05, I 2 = 65%) and expert consensus show textured ceramics and recycled rubber composites reduce slip‐and‐fall incidents by 15%–25% (95% CI: 13%–22%) in wet conditions by optimising nanoscale hydrophobicity and surface roughness to counter abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear. Nano‐coatings achieve high coefficients of friction (COF) (0.65–0.85) but face durability (20,000 cycles) and environmental (50 kg CO 2 /m 2 ) limitations. Only 10% of studies ( n = 9, 45 sites) offer field validation, highlighting real‐world data gaps. A proposed 12‐month trial across 90 sites using IoT sensors (±0.01 COF accuracy) targets COF thresholds (≥0.6 indoor and ≥0.65 outdoor) to validate performance. This framework integrates nanoscale engineering and IoT monitoring to mitigate slip‐and‐fall injuries, costing billions annually. Recommendations include standardised COF metrics and sustainable materials. Future research should focus on extensive field trials and eco‐friendly innovations to address validation gaps and environmental concerns, providing engineers and policymakers with an evidence‐based approach to enhance global pedestrian safety and sustainability.