Green-Synthesized Nanoflower FeNi Catalysts for Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Waste Lubricating Oil into High-Quality Diesel-Like Fuel

The growing accumulation of waste lubricating oil presents serious environmental issues, calling for sustainable management solutions. This research discusses the creation of FeNi/TiO2 nanocatalysts that were synthesized through an eco-friendly method utilizing grape seed extract (GSE) as a natural reducing agent for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste lubricating oil. The nanocatalyst was produced using the microemulsion technique and refined via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize its catalytic performance. Pyrolysis was carried out at 400 °C, leading to a significant conversion of waste oil into valuable fuel. The FeNi/TiO2 nanocatalyst exhibited exceptional capabilities in facilitating the breakdown of heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fuel fractions while reducing unwanted byproducts. GC-MS analysis demonstrated the prevalence of C6–C20 hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oil, underscoring its potential as a high-quality alternative fuel similar to traditional diesel. This study aids in the progress of environmentally sustainable waste-to-energy technologies, offering a promising pathway for effective fuel production and hazardous waste management.