The ramifications of youth unemployment in the Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia (economic, social, and political)

Youth unemployment, defined as individuals aged 15–29 actively seeking but unable to find work, is a pressing socio-economic and political issue in the Gurage Zone of Central Ethiopia. This study aims to examine the multifaceted consequences of youth unemployment as perceived by various stakeholders, including policymakers, community leaders, and employers, and provide evidence-based recommendations. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 400 participants were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data collection involved structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS software, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that youth unemployment has profound social, economic, and political impacts. Socially, it is linked to increased poverty, crime, social exclusion, and mental health issues. Economically, it results in reduced household income, rural-to-urban migration, declining tax revenues, and diminished consumer demand. Politically, it fosters dissatisfaction with governance, social unrest, and reduced political engagement among youth. To address these issues, the study recommends aligning educational curricula with labor market needs, expanding vocational training, and fostering industry-academia partnerships. Additionally, promoting youth entrepreneurship through microfinance, tax incentives, and business incubators is vital. Strengthening investments in labor-intensive sectors like agriculture and irrigation, alongside improving governance and social support systems, is essential for mitigating the effects of youth unemployment and promoting sustainable development.