π–π Interactions as Noncovalent Tools in Selective Catalysis

Abstract This short review describes recent advances in π–π stacking interaction-enabled catalysis for selective transformations. Owing to their charge-independent and spatially accessible nature, π–π interactions have been utilized to control chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity in a range of transformations. Selected examples are presented to illustrate how these noncovalent forces modulate transition-state geometry or stabilize key intermediates in C–C, C–O, and C–N bond formations, as well as in reductions and hydrogenation reactions.