Governance system design model in platform ecosystems by a socio-technical systems theory

Purpose This study aims to introduce a meticulously crafted design model for governance systems within platform ecosystems, drawing insights from socio-technical systems (STS) theory. Design/methodology/approach This review paper adopts a descriptive and relational approach to address two primary questions: “what” and “how.” The first question focuses on identifying the various dimensions of governance within platform ecosystems as complex systems. The second question clarifies the relationships between these identified dimensions, exploring how they can be integrated to design a comprehensive governance system for platform ecosystems. The components of the governance system model were identified using a deductive–inductive approach based on thematic analysis of 108 scholarly papers, while their interconnections were analyzed through a co-occurrence matrix of themes. Findings This study conceptualizes governance in platform ecosystems as a multifaceted STS, integrating both technical and social dimensions. Recognizing the inherent interconnectedness of complex systems with their environment, environmental considerations are also incorporated. The social dimension rests upon the twin pillars of structure and roles, the technical dimension comprises technology and tasks and the environmental dimension incorporates two elements: contingency factors and effects. To operationalize the design model, a comprehensive toolkit consisting of four interrelated components: design process, diagnostic checklists, evaluation metrics and reinitiation design process cycle signals, is presented. Originality/value Positioned as a middle-range theory, proposed model contributes significantly to the theoretical landscape of governance in platform ecosystems. Comparative assessments with rival models are conducted, supplemented by illustrative case studies affirming the efficacy of governance system design model.