Effects of three exercise interventions on inhibitory control in college students with internet addiction: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Exercise modalities have distinct effects on IA-related inhibitory deficits: Footbike optimally enhances both subcomponents via DLPFC/FPC-mediated executive control, while basketball mainly engages OFC reward pathways with limited transfer. These findings provide a neurobiological basis for precision exercise prescriptions, identifying Footbike as optimal for dual inhibition deficits in IA. We propose a stratified framework using real-time fNIRS neurofeedback to match neurocognitive profiles with tailored exercise, advancing personalized interventions for addiction.