From Mountain Faith to Pengxuan Dongtian - A Study on the Evolution of Dongtian in the Vicinity of Mount Tai

Using Mount Tai as a case study, this paper examines the significance of “Dongtian fudi” in Taoist cosmology and their role in the sacralization of natural geography. In Taoist thought, cave heavens are sacred realms where heaven and earth converge—abodes for immortals and sites of spiritual cultivation—symbolizing transcendence and access to the Dao. Drawing on ancient texts, the study outlines the classification and distribution of these sites to reveal their underlying cultural logic. As the foremost of the Five Sacred Peaks, Mount Tai holds a distinguished status and is further elevated by its designation as the “Pengxuan Dongtian.” Through analysis of associated legends, rituals, and inscriptions, the study highlights Mount Tai’s central role in Taoist belief across dynastic periods. It also explores the mountain’s spatial connections with other cave heavens and its position within Taoism’s sacred geography.