MÔ TẢ ĐẶC ĐIỂM RỐI LOẠN NHẬN THỨC Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐỘT QUỴ NHỒI MÁU NÃO VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN

Abstract Objective: To describe the characteristics of cognitive impairment and identify associated factors in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 104 patients over 18 years of age, diagnosed with ischemic stroke and treated at E Hospital and Bach Mai Hospital from October 2024 to April 2025. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke was 35.6%. The majority of patients had hypertension (89.2%), dyslipidemia (51.4%), and diabetes (43.2%). Most patients had moderate NIHSS scores, mRS 4–5, and mild Glasgow impairment. CT scans showed multi-focal lesions in 75.7%, large lesions in 51.4%, primarily in the brainstem, subcortical, and cortical regions. Associated risk factors included: rural residence, with a 7.7 times higher risk compared to urban areas (p = 0.006); hypertension, increasing the risk by 8.4 times (p = 0.023); mild Glasgow score, increasing the risk by 10.1 times (p < 0.001); each additional NIHSS point increasing the risk by 1.7 times (p = 0.001); and mRS 4–5, increasing the risk up to 525 times compared to mRS 1–3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment affects 35.6% of ischemic stroke patients, primarily in those with hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, moderate NIHSS, high mRS, and mild Glasgow scores, with multi-focal and large lesions on CT scans. Key risk factors include rural residence, hypertension, mild Glasgow score, increased NIHSS, and high mRS. Early screening and management of these factors may improve treatment outcomes and reduce the impact of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Keywords: Ischemic stroke, cognitive impairment, risk factor.