International experiences of systems approaches: re-thinking policies and governance to transform agrifood systems

A profound transformation of purpose means that agrifood systems are expected to attain multiple sustainability outcomes, beyond producing enough food, towards achieving human and planetary health for current and future generations. Yet, despite the existing range of policies, innovations and interventions, agrifood systems transformation is hindered by short-term thinking, siloed approaches, power imbalances and linear mindsets. Persistent challenges demand a transformation of <i>how</i> action is taken. In response, people and institutions across the world are beginning to adopt different ways of working. Drawing inspiration from various countries, this article illustrates the promise and practice of delivering agrifood systems transformation through a <i>systems approach</i>. Key insights confirm that first, systems transformation requires long-term programmatic and investment cycles that leverage the interconnectedness of the agrifood system. Second, effective transformation needs to value the role of systems leaders to catalyse the change process, while also enabling inclusive governance processes that empower a diversity of voices to participate in decision-making. Finally, tangible outputs (e.g. change in policy or governance body or investment) and intangible outputs (e.g. change in thinking, relationships, connections and agency) of a systems approach are observed. Future agrifood systems interventions should promote both types of outputs, as essential components of transformation.This article is part of the theme issue 'Transforming terrestrial food systems for human and planetary health'.