Dynamic Evolution of Travel Mode Choice: A Game-Theoretic Analysis with Shared Mobility Considerations

Understanding the evolution of travel mode choice behaviour is critical for urban transportation planning and policy-making.This study develops an evolutionary game model to analyse how travellers dynamically shift between shared cars, public transit, and private vehicles under changing economic and policy conditions.Using replicated dynamic equations and stability analysis, we identify equilibrium points and their stability under different scenarios.Numerical simulations reveal that government subsidies for shared cars, car-sharing travel costs, and public transit fares significantly influence the evolution of travel mode choices.Our findings indicate that strategic subsidies can effectively shift travellers toward shared mobility, while excessive public transit costs can drive users toward private vehicle use.The results provide a theoretical foundation for policymakers to optimise transportation policies and encourage sustainable urban mobility.Future research will explore real-time behavioural adaptations and machine learning-based travel demand predictions.