Therapeutic Potential and In silico Evaluation of Phytochemicals in the Leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus, Jasminum Officinale and Solanum Nigrum

In this study, the plants Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus), Jasminum officinale (J. officinale), and Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) are investigated for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and therapeutic properties. The extraction solvents (aqueous, methanol, ethanol, and butanol) were used for phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity while aqueous extracts were specifically used for antioxidant analysis. The quantitative determination showed that the highest phenolic and tannin content was found in J. officinale, while highest flavonoid and alkaloids levels were found in E. globulus among the tested species. The disc diffusion method was followed for assessing the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). All extracts of E. globulus leaves showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The aqueous extracts on FTIR showed quercetin, benzoic, salicylic, gallic, ferulic, and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, in silico analysis to assess the interaction of selected bioactive compounds, quercetin and benzoic acid, found in E. globulus, were docked with haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, as these influenza virus surface proteins play an important role in the virus's ability to infect host cells. Salicylic, gallic, ferulic, and ascorbic acid from J. officinale and S. nigrum, were docked with GABA receptor-associated proteins, which are important in synaptic transmission and plasticity.