Mediating role of poor sleep, self-rated health and functional difficulties in the relationship between elder mistreatment and depression among Indian older adults

Purpose This study aims to examine the association between elder mistreatment (EM) and depression among older adults in India, highlighting the role of poor sleep, health and functional mediators. Design/methodology/approach Study uses cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–2018) with 30,778 participants aged 60+, EM was measured through self-reports, while depression was measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Findings The prevalence of EM was 5.2%, with higher rates among females. Logistic regression showed that depression significantly increased the likelihood of EM (AOR = 2.34 for females; AOR = 1.94 for males, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis (Karlson–Holm–Breen method) identified poor sleep (8.2%), health (8.0%) and functional difficulties (5.5–7.6%) as significant mediators, with more potent effects in females. Originality/value There is currently no research in India that explores the role of poor sleep, health and functional mediators in the association between EM and depression. The insights gained from this study can inform health practitioners and policymakers in designing focused interventions, such as programs aimed at improving sleep quality, enhancing functional health and implementing gender-responsive strategies, to mitigate the risk of EM and promote better mental health among older adults, especially females.