Performance Optimization of PVdf–PAN Electrospun Polymer Blend Electrolytes Modified with Vanadium Pentoxide Nanoparticles for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

The electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdf)‐polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) composite membranes are developed as solid electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Nanofibers containing 1%, 3%, and 5% V 2 O 5 nanopowder are fabricated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. In this work, how varying the V 2 O 5 content affects nanofiber morphology, crystallinity, and electrochemical performance is investigated. Increasing the V 2 O 5 content leads to larger nanofiber diameters, with the highest crystallinity observed in the composite containing 1 wt% V 2 O 5 . EIS results show a reduction in charge transfer resistance from 172.6 to 93.46 Ω cm −2 as the V 2 O 5 content increased from 1% to 5%, while capacitance decreased. CV analysis reveals that the 1% V 2 O 5 composite exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity, whereas the 5% composite shows lower activity. These findings indicate that PVDF‐PAN‐ V 2 O 5 composites with an optimal V 2 O 5 content are promising candidates for enhancing DSSC performance.