Scan‐Less Speckle Encoded Single‐Pixel Imaging over Giga‐Pixels Per Second Assisted by Dual Optical Frequency Combs

Abstract Single‐pixel imaging (SPI) has emerged as a powerful imaging technique that reconstructs 2D images from 1D signals detected by a single detector. Most SPI systems are constrained by a scanning paradigm to acquire the 1D signal, which limits the imaging frame rate to the modulation speed of spatial light modulators or tunable light sources. To address the challenge of low imaging rates, a scan‐less speckle encoded SPI (SSE‐SPI) approach is proposed that leverages the advantages of speckle encoding and dual optical frequency combs (DOFCs). The spatial speckle encoding mask, generated from a disordered structure, facilitates high compression rates, enabling rapid imaging. Additionally, DOFCs can deploy spatial speckle encoding masks in parallel, thereby overcoming the limitations associated with the serial scanning process. By eliminating the scanning mechanism, an offline imaging frame rate of up to 20 MHz and a substantial spatial‐temporal information flux of 15.68 giga‐pixels per second are demonstrated through the application of an artificial neural network for image reconstruction. This SSE‐SPI scheme holds promise for ultrafast imaging with a single detector and opens new possibilities for capturing transient processes in the fields of material science and life science.