Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Charging Architecture for Intelligent Solar-Powered Battery Charging and Swapping Stations

The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) adoption necessitates advanced, user-oriented charging infrastructures capable of accommodating variable daily demand.Conventional plug-in charging methods often result in prolonged vehicle downtime, prompting the exploration of battery-swapping stations as a practical alternative.This study presents the design and implementation of a high-speed solar charging architecture tailored for smart battery-swap stations.The system integrates a fast Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) DC-DC solar charge controller engineered to recharge lithium-ion battery packs from 0 % to 100 % within approximately 2-3 hours.Key design objectives include maximizing charging efficiency, prolonging battery lifespan, and incorporating intelligent thermalmanagement strategies.Performance optimization is achieved through an advanced control algorithm executed on an ESP32 microcontroller, leveraging its high-frequency processing capability, dedicated analog-to-digital conversion for precise switching control, and Wi-Fi connectivity for real-time parameter adjustment.Experimental validation confirms the enhanced reliability and efficiency of the proposed fast-charging system, positioning it as a robust solution for nextgeneration smart solar charge/swap infrastructures.