Three-Dimensional Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Placenta-Derived Extra-Embryonic Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Isolation to Differentiation

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer promising prospects for novel treatment modalities in cellular therapies and artificial organ production. Despite a surge in artificial tissue research, there is a dearth of comprehensive studies detailing the entire process from stem cells to tissue production, coupled with a scarcity. This study, however, presents the utility of extra-embryonic MSCs derived from placental tissue, traditionally considered as medical waste. <b>Methods</b>: Within a 3-dimensional cell culture system, histological assessments, and comprehensive optimization studies, the entire process required for artificial tissue production is addressed. <b>Results</b>: The results obtained are encouraging regarding the advancement of cellular therapies and artificial tissue engineering. However, challenges such as biopolymer degradation highlight the necessity for multistep approaches. Each analysis within this study delves into the discussion and optimization of key steps in artificial tissue production. <b>Conclusions:</b> Consequently, this study not only represents one of the first of its kind but also lays the groundwork for future investigations into relevant clinical applications.