Natural Herbicide Shows Cytotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, and Antioxidant System Alterations on SH-SY5Y and HaCaT Cell Lines

Weeds have acquired resistance to commonly used herbicides, and to replace them, new products, including those of natural origin, have been produced. This study evaluated the neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and changes in the antioxidant system caused by Natural Herbicide (NH) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and HaCaT dermal cells. SH-SY5Y and HaCaT cells were exposed to three concentrations of NH (NH1: 0.6; NH2: 1.56; and NH3: 3.12 µL/mL) for 24 and 72 h. In the SH-SY5Y cell line, the highest concentration of NH (NH3) caused cytotoxicity at both 24 and 72 h. At 24 h, the NH3 group increased the SOD. In the NH2 and NH3 groups, there was also an increase in AChE activity after 24 h of exposure. The NH1 group led to an increase in GSH after 72 h of exposure. As for the HaCaT strain, there was cytotoxicity and an increase in SOD and GSH at all NH concentrations and for both periods analyzed (24 h and 72 h). GST was reduced after exposure to NH2 and NH3. Thus, NH showed cytotoxicity in neural and dermal cells (SH-SY5Y and HaCaT, respectively). These results show that NH altered cellular homeostasis, and the evaluation of other toxicity mechanisms is important to clarify its safety.