Overview of Isoniazid-Derived Probes for Ion Detection and Analytical Applications

Abstract: Isoniazid-based fluorogenic and chromogenic chemosensors have gained considerable attention for their rapid, selective, and visually detectable responses toward metal ions and anions. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of their structural design, sensing mechanisms, and practical applications. The electron- rich framework of isoniazid facilitates hydrogen bonding and coordination complex formation, making it an excellent scaffold for chemosensor development. These systems have been successfully applied in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and cellular imaging, demonstrating high sensitivity and versatility. Critical parameters such as detection limits, analyte selectivity, solvent effects, and sensing modes are discussed to guide future research and development in this growing field of chemical sensing.