Risk of Antenatal Fetal Death at Different Stages of Gestation

Aim. To identify clinical and anamnestic risk factors for antenatal fetal death (AFD) depending on the gestational age. Design. Retrospective case — control study. Materials and methods. The study included 82 patients with AGP and 30 women who gave birth to live children. The participants were stratified into 4 groups depending on the gestational age and pregnancy outcome: Group I — patients with AGP at 220–276 weeks of gestation (n = 26), Group II — patients with AGP at 280–366 weeks of gestation (n = 29), Group III — patients with AGP at 370–416 weeks of gestation (n = 27), Group IV — women who have given birth to live children. The following parameters were assessed using questionnaires, extracts from individual cards of pregnant and parturient women, birth histories, metabolic and outpatient cards: age, height and weight indicators, menstrual cycle, bad habits before pregnancy, gynecological and extragenital diseases, the time of registration for pregnancy and first trimester screening at 11–136 weeks of gestation were also taken into account. Results. In patients with AFD at any stage of gestation, weight and body mass index were statistically significantly higher than in women with live births. Acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy with fever and asymptomatic bacteriuria were more common in patients with AFD at 220–276 weeks of gestation than participants with live births. Anemia and a history of smoking were more common in two groups of patients with AFD: at 280–366 weeks of gestation and at full term than in women with live birth. Preeclampsia and umbilical cord abnormalities were additional risk factors for AFD at 370–416 weeks of gestation. Conclusion. The study of risk factors plays a crucial role in the prediction and prevention of AFD. Awareness of them by women planning pregnancy is of great importance for making informed decisions. Keywords: antenatal fetal death, risk factors, preeclampsia, anemia, bacteriuria.