Evaluate and Analyze the Characteristics of Subway Transfer Station Facilities Based on Universal Design from the Cases of South Korea

This study examines the design characteristics of subway transfer station facilities in South Korea using an expanded Universal Design (UD) framework that integrates principles of sustainability. Five representative transfer stations were selected for evaluation using a customized assessment tool grounded in seven adapted UD principles: equitability, simplicity, perceptibility, safety, low physical effort, accessibility, and sustainability. Facility elements were analyzed across five categories: access routes, internal facilities, sanitary amenities, guidance systems, and other supportive features. Field observations and scoring using a structured evaluation scale revealed both strengths and critical deficiencies. Key issues identified include inadequate vertical mobility infrastructure, insufficient tactile signage for visually impaired users, and inconsistencies in environmentally responsive design. These shortcomings highlight the need for more inclusive and sustainable design interventions. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating accessibility and ecological responsibility in the planning and renovation of transit facilities. By offering empirical data and actionable recommendations, this research contributes to improving the design quality of transfer stations, fostering more inclusive, efficient, and environmentally resilient urban transportation systems–both in South Korea and in global urban contexts.