Herd-Level Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Greek Pig Farms

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, with swine identified as a major reservoir. Despite the global significance of HEV, epidemiological data regarding its presence in Greek pig farms remain limited. This study investigated the presence of HEV RNA in swine populations across Greece. In 2019, a total of 280 fecal samples from finishing pigs were collected from 28 pig farms in diverse geographic regions. Pooled samples were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR targeting the conserved ORF3 region of the HEV genome (without genotyping). HEV RNA was detected in 42.9% (12/28) of farms, with positive farms identified in five of the six surveyed regions, suggesting widespread viral circulation. These findings confirm, for the first time, the presence of HEV in the Greek swine population, while the observed prevalence aligns with intermediate to high levels reported in other European countries. Considering the zoonotic potential of HEV, especially via occupational exposure or consumption of contaminated pork products, these results highlight the need for continued surveillance and further investigation into potential public health implications.