Monitoring Irrigation Water Quality from the First Aquifer in Vojvodina, Serbia

Abstract The quality of groundwater from the first aquifer in Vojvodina is primarily influenced by the geology of the Pannonian Plain, and it is mineralized to a certain extent. If used for irrigation, such mineralized water can cause soil degradation and yield reduction. This research aimed to assess the quality of groundwater by collecting water samples at locations with installed irrigation systems. The soils at the investigated sites, located in southwestern Bačka, Serbia, are classified as chernozem and meadow soils. The paper presents baseline data on groundwater quality, as well as monitoring data obtained during the irrigation system operation on two occasions. Based on the analyses performed, water quality was assessed using the American Salinity Laboratory classification and the FAO classification. The data on the electrical conductivity and quantitative analysis of ionized components indicate that the quality of groundwater was predominantly in C3S1 class according to the US Salinity Laboratory classification. Based on FAO classification, the restrictions on use based on salinity were slight to moderate. However, deviations were recorded at certain localities, e.g. higher pH values, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity, indicating that irrigation management must be adapted for each locality or system. Residual sodium carbonate values suggest that sodium-related problems are not expected at certain locations, while other locations require periodical monitoring of infiltration and soil pH in order to amend the soil with acid or gypsum. The determined chemical composition of groundwater indicates a potential risk of soil salinization, though not alkalization. Therefore, continuous monitoring is required to determine timely measures aimed at reducing the risk of salinization.