Study of cytokine and chemokine levels in oligomenorrhea in obese adolescent girls

Over last decades, growing incidence of obesity is registered among children and adolescents, which is the main risk factor for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, and endocrinopathies which lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility in reproductive period. Under conditions of overnutrition, adipose tissue macrophages are polarized into the M1 phenotype and secrete a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that promote inflammatory response due to chemotaxis of immunocompetent cells that affect metabolism, thus leading to decreased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and causing impaired adipogenesis. A close relationship has been observed between obesity and activation of immune system factors, being a sufficient factor of energy imbalance. However, their role in the genesis of oligomenorrhea has not been studied so far. The purpose of our work was аnalysis of cytokine status in adolescent girls with obesity and oligomenorrhea. The study involved 30 adolescent girls with obesity and oligomenorrhea (Group I). A comparison group included 23 patients with oligomenorrhea without signs of metabolic syndrome (Group II). The control group included 20 practically healthy patients. The level of omentin in blood serum was determined by ELISA using diagnostic kits BioVendor (Czech Republic); the level of IL-6, MCP-1, IFNγ was measured with diagnostic kits from BenderMedSystems (Austria). Mathematical evaluation of results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program. The Mann–Whitney criterion was used to determine the differences between the groups. Statistically significant values were taken as p 0.05. Obesity is associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may stimulate signaling cascades that impair metabolic processes in adipose tissue. IL-6, MCP-1, IFNγ act as modulators that promote inflammation, which is crucial for the development of insulin resistance conditions. Discoordination of immunoregulatory processes. contribute to progression of the inflammatory events and confirm the role of immune factors in the genesis of ovarian dysfunction in adolescent girls. Improved understanding of underlying immunopathological processes accompanying obesity in adolescent girls may be useful for predicting oligomenorrhea and developing potential treatment approaches.