Inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and oral cavity in the patients with immune deficiency

Inflammatory conditions of the maxillofacial area and oral mucosa are a dominating syndrome in patients with immunodeficiencies. The purpose of our study was to assess the incidence of inflammatory diseases of the dental system in patients with congenital immune deficiencies. The study group of patients observed at Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 and Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital (Yekaterinburg) included 64 persons with primary immunodeficiencies including combined immunodeficiencies, deficient antibody production, auto-inflammatory disorders, deficient phagocyte function, immune dysregulation conditions, complement deficiencies, and a case of non-specified immune deficiency. Lymphadenitis of the maxillofacial region, recurrent stomatitis, ulcers and cheilitis are characteristic of all the studied groups of patients, except for the group with complement deficiency. The diagnosis of candidiasis was identified in the two groups: classified as “combined immune deficiency” (4.2% from the subgroup), “phagocyte deficiency” (50% from the subgroup). The similar incidence of maxillary sinusitis was documented in the following patients: “antibody defects” (46% from the subgroup), “autoinflammatory disorders” (13% of cases); maxillofacial abscesses and phlegmons were diagnosed in “autoinflammatory disorders” (13%), “phagocyte defects” (10% from the subgroup). The highest percentage of inflammatory dental diseases, such as cheilitis (36% from the entire study group), stomatitis (33% from the entire study group), and maxillofacial lymphadenitis (31% from the entire study group), was registered. The maximum spectrum of the mentioned inflammatory diseases was diagnosed in patients with auto-inflammatory disorders and phagocyte defects. At the same time, the largest number of people from these groups (60% and 70%, respectively) suffered with recurrent stomatitis and ulcers. Inflammatory dental diseases were not detected in a single patient diagnosed with complement deficiency. The following common dental manifestations were identified in patients with congenital immune defects: lymphadenitis of maxillofacial region, cheilitis, stomatitis and ulcers. This data would be useful for proper patient routing.