Adaptive properties of prospective soybean varieties in the ryazan region conditions by the feature of “protein collection per unit of area”

Soy is a common leguminous and oilseed crop of our planet and has great food and feed value. Its seeds contain from 37 to 42% protein, from 19 to 22% oil and up to 30% carbohydrates. Soy protein is considered to be the highest quality and cheapest biochemical component in solving the problem of protein deficiency in the world. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 at the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnology (ISA – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNAC VIM), located in the Ryazan region. The level of adaptive properties of promising soybean cultivars was assessed on the basis of “protein collection per unit area” using generally accepted techniques. The experimental site is represented by dark gray forest heavy loamy soil, with an organic matter content of 4.95%, mobile phosphorus – 213 mg/kg of soil, mobile potassium – 155 mg/kg of soil, total nitrogen – 0.228%; pH value – 4.91 units. As a result of the research, it was found that the average protein content in the seeds of the samples ranged from 37.0% to 42.8%, while the standard protein content in the seeds averaged 40.2%. The average protein harvest during the study period was 750 kg/ha. Weak variability of the indicator “protein collection per unit area” was observed in cultivars H-25/17, H-7/17, H-19/17 and H-32/17 (V = 6.7–9.7%). To determine the adaptability of the variety, the coefficient of responsiveness to environmental conditions was used: the value of the indicator varied from 1.12 in H-25/17 to 2.02 in H-9/17. The lines H-19/17 and H-25/17, which have high genetic flexibility and have low variability in the protein collection rate per unit area – 8.7% in the H-19/17 line and 6.7% in the H-25/17 variety.