Antibacterial activity trends in g-C ₃ N ₄ /CuO nanocomposites: the crucial interplay of CuO ratios and zeta potential

Abstract In recent times as antibiotic resistance grows, given opportunity to find new ways to kill germs. In this research work, the potential of g-C 3 N 4 /CuO nanocomposite as an antibacterial agent has been investigated. Using the natural properties of Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and the known antimicrobial properties of copper oxide (CuO), the discovery of the composite was demonstrated against bacterial strains (Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas) in this study. The antibacterial performance of the composite was found to be dependent on the relative concentration of CuO. The zeta potential is another critical parameter that plays a vital role in the stability of the nanoparticles in solution is explored. This detailed analysis opens up the possibility of using g-C 3 N 4 /CuO nanocomposites with optimal CuO concentrations as effective antibacterial agents against multi-drug-resistant pathogens.