A theoretical investigation of TiO₂ nanotube β-betavoltaic battery

In recent years, there has been increasing research on β-betavoltaic battery, with the main focus being on the energy conversion efficiency. This study establishes a model for a β-betavoltaic battery driven by a ⁶³Ni radioactive isotope source and a TiO₂ nanotube. Through the Monte Carlo method, the influences of nanotube size, source thickness and Schottky metal on the energy deposition and efficiency of the cell were systematically investigated. The results show that when the nanotube height increases to 18μm, further increases in height no longer effect the battery efficiency. Reducing the inner diameter and increasing the wall thickness can further enhance the battery efficiency. This paper also proposes a new idea of three-dimensional loading of radioactive sources into nanotube semiconductor devices. After calculation, the theoretical efficiency of three-dimensionally loaded nanotubes has reached 6.26%.