Design and analysis of airport runway pipeline liquid level monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology

Real-time monitoring of the operation status of the airport runway pipeline network in civil aviation transport is of great significance. Currently, most monitoring of apron manhole leakage parameters relies on manual inspections, which have low efficiency and high labor input. Compared to traditional manual inspection methods, automatic monitoring based on sensor technology is more efficient and cost-effective, making it the primary research direction in smart civil aviation monitoring technology. This paper conducts theoretical analysis and calculation of the output signal of optical fiber F-P (Fabry-Perot) interference based on optical interference theory, deriving the response relationship between the fiber F-P interferometer's return reflection signal and the interferometer cavity length. Using strain transfer theory, the pressure transmission characteristics of optical fiber pressure sensors are analyzed, and an optical fiber sensor structure capable of effectively detecting liquid depth is designed based on the principle of pressure measurement. By simulating changes in external pressure using a pressure regulation device to adjust the output signal of the optical fiber sensor, a simulation experiment for measuring changes in liquid level parameters is conducted, thereby establishing a measurement scheme for an apron pipeline network liquid level monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology.