Un planeta en movimiento: pasado y presente de los relojes biológicos

Biological rhythms are a fundamental part of the life of organisms and are closely related to geological movements and periodic environmental changes, such as temperature, humidity, and light. These biological rhythms have developed over time as an evolutionary response to environmental pressures, leading to the formation of genetic circuits that control biological time and regulate the physiology and behavior of living beings. The perception of light is a key factor in the development of biological rhythmssince it provides an external signal to adjust the internal biological clocks of organisms. Photolyases and photo perception mechanisms de-veloped in living beings throughout evolution have allowed adaptation to these signals and the formation of the circadian system, which is responsible for regulating daily and annual biolog-ical rhythms. In all living beings, there is a circadian system; in mammals, it is in the suprachi-asmatic nucleus. The genetic circuit of the internal clock of organisms must bewell established at all levels of the organism, since it is essential to regulate the fundamental behaviors of these, such as feeding, reproduction, or migratory processes. The biological rhythms also play an im-portant role in adapting organisms to different geographical areas and seasonal changes. This review addresses the evolution of biological rhythms, whose functionality plays an important role in the adaptability and success of species in response to the changing external patterns of our planet.