Albumin as a Marker of Ascites: The Role of Proteomics in Uncovering Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers

Liver cirrhosis is a major global health concern, often progressing to ascites, which worsens prognosis and increases healthcare costs. Current diagnostic approaches rely on albumin-based markers like the serum-ascites albumin gradient, but these have limitations. Emerging biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin show promise in identifying acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. Integrating multi-omics approaches may improve early detection and management of cirrhosis-related complications. Using kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin alongside traditional markers could enhance risk stratification and patient outcomes.