Photocatalytic Properties and Application of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles

In this review article, the photocatalytic properties and applications of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles were studied. Special attention has been paid to their role in advanced oxidation processes. Key aspects of their electronic structure, energy gap, and crystal modifications were discussed, explaining how these factors can affect photocatalytic performance. The advantages and limitations of TiO₂ and ZnO were studied in detail. Special attention was devoted to their practical application in the degradation of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes, underlying their environmental significance. The review also provides a brief overview of the development of next-generation photocatalysts based on TiO₂ and ZnO, highlighting the need for improved efficiency and stability.