Research on the impact of physical activity on the perceived age discrimination among the elderly: The mediation effect of self-efficacy

With population aging accelerating, older adults face growing psychological challenges, including loneliness, low self-esteem, and perceived age discrimination. Age stereotypes not only harm mental well-being but also limit social participation. Physical activity, as a non-pharmacological intervention, may enhance self-efficacy and mitigate such negative effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity and perceived age discrimination among older adults in China, focusing on the mediating role of self-efficacy. A survey of 292 older adults was conducted using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Perceived Age Discrimination Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Physical activity negatively correlated with perceived age discrimination (r = -0.180, p < 0.01), and positively with self-efficacy (r = 0.418, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was also negatively correlated with perceived age discrimination (r = -0.476, p < 0.01), and fully mediated the relationship. Physical activity reduces perceived age discrimination by enhancing self-efficacy. Promoting exercise may support elderly mental health and social integration.