Del dato al objeto epistémico: estudio de las transformaciones semánticas en entornos documentales

This study aims to analyze the semantic transformations that data undergo in their transition to epistemic objects in academic and scientific documentary contexts, describing the operations that mediate this process with a view to constructing a critical epistemology of documentation. A qualitative, interpretive, and deconstructive approach is adopted, focusing on understanding how data become an object of knowledge, rather than on defining it. The research is based on a critical and comparative analysis of specialized sources, interpreted through three axes: semantic transformation, epistemic configuration, and ethical-political tensions, employing a hermeneutic-critical discourse analysis. The transformation process begins with the shift from empirical dispersion to meaningful codification, where data are integrated into interpretive frameworks through a regulated semiotic action that operates as epistemic curation, stabilizing meanings and configuring reality. Subsequently, semantic stabilization establishes the operational meaning of the data through documentary technologies such as metadata and ontologies, a performative and politically situated action that normalizes knowledge and sediments the seemingly neutral meaning. The institutional inscription of the transformed data implies a loss of context and contributes to epistemological colonization by imposing Western normative frameworks and categorical structures that render other forms of knowledge invisible. However, the critical reappropriation of the epistemic object through a critical hermeneutic reading inspired by Wittgenstein reveals it as a floating sign subject to contestation and displacement, enabling plural and decolonial reconfigurations that challenge dominant knowledge regimes.