Influence of processes on the Sun and in the interplanetary medium on the solar proton event on March 30, 2022

The results of a comparative analysis of the solar proton event on March 30, 2022, which has an unusual time profile of solar proton fluxes, with the previous and subsequent solar proton events (March 28, 2022 and April 02, 2022) are presented. Increases in energetic proton fluxes in interplanetary and near-Earth space are associated with successive solar X-ray flares M4.0, X1.3 and M3.9 and three halo-type coronal mass ejections. The work was done based on experimental data obtained from spacecraft located in interplanetary space (ACE, WIND, STEREO A, DSCOVR), in a circular polar orbit at an altitude of 850 km (Meteor-M2) and in geostationary orbit (GOES-16, Electro-L2). An explanation has been proposed for the features of the energetic proton flux profile in the solar proton event on March 30, 2022: protons accelerated in the flare on March 30, 2022 were partially screened by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, the source of which was the explosive processes on the Sun on March 28, 2022; late registration of maximum proton fluxes, simultaneous for particles of different energies, is due to the arrival of particle fluxes inside an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. The spatial distribution of solar protons in near-Earth orbit was similar to the distribution at the Lagrange point L1, but with a delay of ~50 min.