Architectural and structural decor of Lviv tenement houses in the late 19th and early of the 20th centuries

Valuable historical buildings in Ukrainian cities, particularly in Lviv, that do not have architectural monument status are sometimes overlooked by architects and restorers. The physical deterioration of materials and structures, neglect of roofs, and damage to drainage and sewage systems have resulted in significant façade degradation. This study aimed to assess the preservation of architectural and structural elements on the façades of Lviv’s artificial stone buildings, evaluate their structural stability, and formulate scientifically grounded recommendations for their restoration. The methodology was based on general scientific and specialised research methods. Through analysis, synthesis, systematisation, and generalisation of bibliographic materials, the research establishes the current state of knowledge on the topic and summarises and expands the available information on the formation of architectural monuments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as their architectural and decorative solutions. The most significant architectural and structural decorative elements of Lviv’s townhouses from the first half of the 20th century are identified using systematic analysis and specialised research methods, including graphical comparison, retrospective modelling, and architectural composition. For a high-quality restoration that preserves the authentic substance of these buildings, it is essential to study the architectural and structural decor of Lviv’s townhouses in detail. Restoration work should integrate modern technologies and materials, and restorers should apply innovative approaches that align with contemporary architectural and construction practices