A Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface With Type Detection and Variable-Duty-Cycle-Based MPPT for Periodic and Shock Vibrations

This article presents a novel multi-mode energy harvesting (EH) interface system designed to optimize EH in dynamic mechanical environments, such as periodic and shock vibrations. The system proposes the integration of vibration-type detection (VTD) mechanism, a variable duty-cycle-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, and an energy extraction cease-time determination (EECTD) module, enabling adaptive EH strategies based on varying vibration conditions. The VTD mechanism classifies vibrations into periodic and shock types, facilitating tailored EH strategies. The variable duty-cycle-based MPPT algorithm dynamically adjusts the rectifier’s duty cycle based on the input conditions, ensuring efficient energy conversion under both periodic and shock vibrations. In the case of shock vibrations, the EECTD module halts energy extraction during negative power regions to minimize control power losses. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with conventional full-bridge rectifiers (FBRs), the proposed system enhances EH by 6.03 times under shock vibrations and by 7.69 times under periodic vibrations. By incorporating mode switching and optimized EH tailored to different vibration types, the proposed system offers a more efficient and adaptable solution.