Intersectional Analysis of Vaccination Inequity Among Individuals With Disabilities in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic

We investigated how disability status, types, sociodemographic indicators, and reasons for not receiving vaccinations influenced COVID-19 vaccination rates among individuals with disabilities in the United States. Despite efforts, vaccination disparities persisted, necessitating a nuanced understanding of the barriers to vaccination. Using intersectionality theory and the social determinants of health framework, we examined the impact of marginalized identities and structural inequalities. Key questions included the association between disability status and vaccination uptake, differences among disability types moderated by sociodemographic factors, and the interaction between disability status and reasons for not vaccinating. We used Household Pulse Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau (December 7, 2022–September 4, 2023) and logistic regression analyses to assess these relationships. Findings revealed that while disability status and sociodemographic variables alone did not significantly predict vaccination uptake, disability type was crucial, indicating the need for targeted interventions. These results support inclusive public health policies that address specific barriers faced by individuals with disabilities and promote equitable healthcare services and vaccination programs. Understanding the interplay among disability status, sociodemographic factors, and vaccination behavior may result in targeted strategies to ensure no population segment is left behind, fostering positive social change toward a more inclusive and equitable society.