Efficacy of Green- Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against the Field Strain of House Fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made from extracts of Sena Alexandrina leaves in methanol and acetone against the field strain of the house fly, Musca domestica. The transmission electron microscopy images showed that the test suspension included both isolated silver nanoparticles and numerous aggregates. The size of the AgNPs observed under the TEM microscope ranged from 27.9 to 55.1 nm. Using methanol and acetone extracts from S. Alexandrina leaves, the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomena of grown AgNPs were assessed. A single absorption signal in the 300-350 nm range was detected by the LSPR analysis, indicating the existence of spherical AgNPs. The toxicity results indicated that total larval death (100.0%) occurred at the highest concentrations of AgNPs synthesized with methanol extract of S. Alexandrina (2.0, 1.0, and 0.5%), but the lowest dosage (0.3125%) resulted in the least larval mortality (33.33%). The maximum pupal mortality of 100.0% was observed at 0.25%, which subsequently dropped to 26.11% at 0.0625%. Conversely, AgNPs produced using the acetone extract of S. Alexandrina exhibited 100.0% larval death at 2.0 and 1.0%. Pupal mortality was observed at 100.0, 61.11, 32.78, 23.33, and 18.45% at concentrations of 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, and 0.0312% of AgNPs produced from the acetone extract of S. Alexandrina, respectively. According to LC50 and LC90 values, S. Alexandrina-synthesized AgNPs showed considerable efficiency against immature stages of M. domestica; however, the AgNPs synthesized with methanol extract were more effective than those synthesized with acetone extract were.