Three-dimensional modeling and optimization of nozzles for a certain type of anti-riot water cannon vehicle

In this study, the VOF model in Fluent software is used to optimize the nozzle structure of a certain type of anti-riot water cannon vehicle. The three-dimensional model is simplified into a two-dimensional model. In Meshing, the conical nozzles, conical-straight nozzles and their external flow fields are meshed. The COUPLED algorithm was utilized to simulate the fluid dynamics of both nozzle types. A comparative analysis was conducted on the jet velocities and stability within the external flow fields of the conical and conical-straight nozzles, as well as their outlet velocities. It was concluded that the conical-straight nozzle exhibits less lateral diffusion, superior bundling characteristics, and enhanced stability. Additionally, an investigation into the effect of varying contraction angles on conical-straight nozzles revealed that within the range of 10° to 25°, changes in contraction angle have minimal impact on jet velocity. Notably, a contraction angle of 15° provides a more uniform and stable velocity distribution at the nozzle exit.