Dynamic modeling and simulation of gas distribution networks with decentralized hydrogen injections

This study investigates decentralized hydrogen injection in a natural gas distribution network, focusing on dynamic flow behavior and gas mixing. A dynamic, object-oriented model including mass, momentum, energy, and composition equations captures pressure, temperature, and mixing efects, assessing hydrogen integration feasibility. A real-world Italian distribution network serves as a case study, ensuring practical relevance. Steady-state validation demonstrates model accuracy, while simulations highlight operational challenges of hydrogen blending for network stability, gas quality, and regulatory compliance. Although the primary focus is hydrogen, the analysis also includes biomethane to demonstrate the model’s flexibility and compare transient behavior between the two gases.