NEXT-GENERATION GLP-1 PHARMACOTHERAPY: ADVANCES IN OBESITY TREATMENT WITH CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND POPULATION HEALTH

Introduction and aim of the study: Obesity is a global health issue increasing risks for various diseases and straining healthcare systems. Traditional treatments often prove ineffective, spurring interest in new therapies. GLP-1 receptor agonists have emerged as promising options for treating obesity, gaining attention for their benefits on physical performance and body composition. The aim of this study is to review current knowledge on the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in obesity treatment, including their implications for public health and potential relevance in physically active populations. Review methods: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The search included keywords like: Obesity; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Public Health; Sports Performance; Energy Metabolism. Current state of knowledge: GLP-1 receptor agonists can reduce body weight by 10–21% while decreasing risks of metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues. Besides their primary effects, they also regulate appetite, enhance fat oxidation, and improve energy efficiency, attracting interest from physically active individuals looking to optimize body composition. Their action mechanisms include delayed gastric emptying, increased satiety, and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Summary: The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists marks significant progress in obesity treatment with vital public health benefits. However, their off-label use among athletes raises ethical and safety concerns, especially regarding potential lean body mass loss affecting performance.